Chemistry XI Unit 8

Organic chemistry is study of:

metals and minerals carbon compounds ionic compounds salts

Hydrocarbons are:

compounds with H and C only compounds with H, C, and O compounds with N compounds with metals

Alkanes are hydrocarbons with:

single C-C bonds only double C=C bonds triple C≡C bonds aromatic rings

Alkenes are hydrocarbons with:

single C-C bonds double C=C bonds triple C≡C bonds benzene ring

Alkynes are hydrocarbons with:

single C-C bonds double C=C bonds triple C≡C bonds aromatic bonds

General formula for alkanes:

CnH(2n) CnH(2n+2) CnH(2n-2) CnH(n)

General formula for alkenes:

CnH(2n) CnH(2n+2) CnH(2n-2) CnH(n+2)

General formula for alkynes:

CnH(2n) CnH(2n+2) CnH(2n-2) CnH(n)

Isomerism in alkanes is:

chain isomerism position isomerism geometric isomerism optical isomerism

Isomerism in alkenes can be:

chain isomerism positional isomerism geometric isomerism all of above

Geometric isomerism requires:

single C-C bond double C=C bond aromatic ring tetrahedral carbon

Geometric isomers are:

cis-trans or E-Z constitutional isomers enantiomers tautomers

IUPAC nomenclature uses:

longest carbon chain number of substituents position of groups all of above

In alkane nomenclature, '-ane' suffix means:

alkene alkyne saturated hydrocarbon unsaturated

In alkene nomenclature, '-ene' suffix means:

saturated contains C=C double bond contains triple bond aromatic

In alkyne nomenclature, '-yne' suffix means:

alkane alkene contains C≡C triple bond aromatic

Priority of groups in IUPAC naming depends on:

atomic number of atoms attached to C mass number electronegativity bond order

In addition reaction:

bonds break and form only bonds break only bonds form no bonds change

Hydrogenation of alkene requires:

heat only catalyst only H₂ + catalyst pressure only

Addition of HBr to propene (CH₃CH=CH₂):

follows Markovnikov's rule follows anti-Markovnikov no preference depends on temperature

Markovnikov's Rule states:

H adds to carbon with fewer substituents H adds to carbon with more substituents H adds randomly no specific pattern

Combustion of hydrocarbons produces:

CO₂ and H₂O CO and H₂ C and H CO₂ only

Cycloalkanes have:

open chain closed ring of carbons double bonds aromatic structure

Benzene is:

aliphatic hydrocarbon aromatic hydrocarbon saturated reactive to addition

Benzene ring has:

localized bonds delocalized π electrons single and double bonds pure σ bonds

Aromaticity requires:

planarity cyclic conjugation 4n+2 π electrons all of above

Substitution in benzene:

usually addition usually substitution no reaction typical elimination

Electrophilic aromatic substitution requires:

nucleophile only electrophile only catalyst + electrophile nothing special

Nitration of benzene produces:

benzene + N₂ nitrobenzene dinitrobenzene nitrogen oxide

Halogenation of benzene requires:

Br₂ only Br₂ + catalyst (FeBr₃) Cl₂ only no catalyst needed

Friedel-Crafts alkylation:

adds alkyl group to benzene adds halogen to benzene removes group from benzene adds H to benzene

FILLBLANK:_____ are compounds containing only C and H.

Hydrocarbons Carbohydrates Carbonates Oxides

FILLBLANK:Alkanes have _____ C-C bonds only.

single double triple aromatic

FILLBLANK:In IUPAC naming, priority is based on _____ of attached atoms.

atomic number mass number electronegativity bond order

FILLBLANK:_____ are cyclic hydrocarbons with single bonds.

Cycloalkanes Alkenes Alkynes Aromatics

FILLBLANK:Benzene is _____ hydrocarbon.

aromatic aliphatic saturated cycloalkane

FILLBLANK:Aromaticity requires _____ π electrons (4n+2 rule).

4n+2 2n+1 3n+1 4n

FILLBLANK:Benzene preferentially undergoes _____ (not addition).

substitution addition elimination oxidation

FILLBLANK:_____ is substitute benzene nucleophile reaction.

Electrophilic aromatic substitution Nucleophilic aromatic substitution Free radical substitution Addition reaction

FILLBLANK:Friedel-Crafts adds _____ group to benzene.

alkyl

TRUE/FALSE: Hydrocarbons contain only C and H.

TRUE FALSE

TRUE/FALSE: Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons.

TRUE FALSE

TRUE/FALSE: Alkenes are saturated hydrocarbons.

TRUE FALSE

TRUE/FALSE: Alkane with n carbons has formula CnH(2n+2).

TRUE FALSE

TRUE/FALSE: Alkynes are less reactive than alkenes.

TRUE FALSE

TRUE/FALSE: Isomers have same molecular formula.

TRUE FALSE

TRUE/FALSE: Geometric isomerism requires double bond.

TRUE FALSE

TRUE/FALSE: Markovnikov's rule applies to HBr addition.

TRUE FALSE

TRUE/FALSE: Combustion is addition reaction.

TRUE FALSE

TRUE/FALSE: Benzene is highly reactive to addition.

TRUE FALSE

TRUE/FALSE: Substitution in benzene maintains aromaticity.

TRUE FALSE

TRUE/FALSE: Electrophilic aromatic substitution involves nucleophile attack.

TRUE FALSE